Which concept primarily focuses on empowering employees to take the initiative?

The concept that primarily focuses on empowering employees to take the initiative is employee engagement. When employees are engaged, they feel a strong emotional connection to their work and the organization. This connection motivates them to contribute more actively, take ownership of their tasks, and participate in decision-making processes. Engaged employees are more likely to propose ideas, take on challenges, and go beyond their basic job requirements, which directly reflects a culture of empowerment.

Employee satisfaction relates more to how content individuals are with their job role, environment, and compensation but does not inherently promote initiative. Employee retention is the strategy to keep talented employees from leaving an organization, while employee accountability emphasizes personal responsibility for outcomes. None of these concepts focus on the empowerment aspect as directly as employee engagement does.